Let me put you on the right path there, mate.
1. If you are being attacked, ask your kingdom for help. You are all there to help each other.
2. Travian is a team game. You are not playing just for yourself. Every member in a kingdom has its voice, but if that voice is heard depends on your king. Also have a look at statistics ingame or in hall of fame, there are not always kings and dukes.
3. Actually this could be nice, but hard to implement.
4. Long and confusing implementation. Not neccessary. Just switch language settings to what you currently need.
5. If you are unhappy with your current location ask some king to place a menhir for you. If you are starting as a king, I wish you good luck.
6. Troops in robber hideouts are calculated from your current troop count. So if you lose army while you have not cleared robbers, they will be powerful (as if you still had your army). Attack robbers first or ask kingdom to send you def if they are attacking.
7. That would be really stupid. Imagine whole kingdom attack. You are defending some villages, few seconds before landing the attack is cancelled. Troops are starving, nobody gets def/off points. You just wasted several hours.
8. If you mean World Wonder that is in Travian for a loong time. Actually you do not need to build WW as first to win the server. Your kingdom needs to accumulate enough victory points to win. You get VP by having treasuries and stealing treasuries from another kindom. So to obtain treasuries to get to the first place you need to attack another kingdoms - you might consider attacking another kingdom as a competition/challenge you are describring.
9. Farmlist - 10 village FL is a free feature. If you want unlimited FLs with 100 villages each, you need to buy a PLUS (it is a FTP game, so servers need to be paid from microtransactions)